CHECK: Path name (on-line linkage), and need to create produce browse product, browse graphic pathname. Add reference to photo centerpoint file (under supplemental information). IDENTIFICATION_INFORMATION Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Publication_Date: 200401 Title: 1962 Digital Orthophoto - 1:18,000-Scale - Roll 7 Photo 1155 Edition: One Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Durham, New Hampshire Publisher: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Other_Citation_Details: None Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Publication_Date: 19860101 Title: NH GRANIT Database Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Durham, New Hampshire Publisher: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Online_Linkage: URL:http://www.granit.sr.unh.edu Description: Abstract: This data is a digital orthophoto of a 1:18,000-scale, black & white aerial photo. It was developed by scanning and orthorectifying the source, hardcopy photograph. In addition to the hardcopy photo, the primary data sources used in the photo orthorectification included 1998 1:12,000-scale Digital Orthophoto Quarterquads (DOQs), 1974 1:20,000-scale digital orthophotos, and 30-meter Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The orthophoto is provided in TIFF (*.tif) format. A MrSID (*.sid) version of the photo is also available, but image quality may be poorer due to the compression applied. The normal orientation of the data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. The radiometric image brightness values are stored as 256 gray levels ranging from 0 to 255. Purpose: This historic orthophoto provides a visual perspective of the landscape in the early 1960's. Due to its geometric qualities, it is useful as a reference layer in a geographic information system, and provides a valuable tool for land use mapping and change analysis. Supplemental_Information: Data distribution tile: irregular tile corresponding to source photo (Note that 1962 photography was unavailable for certain areas of Strafford County. In those cases, 1964 imagery was used for the data layer. Refer to the field below.) Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19621116 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.483145 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.434064 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.943340 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.910581 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Digital orthophoto Theme_Keyword: Digital image map Theme_Keyword: Aerial photograph Theme_Keyword: Rectified photograph Theme_Keyword: Rectified image Theme_Keyword: Orthophoto Theme_Keyword: Historic Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Northeast Place_Keyword: New England Place_Keyword: New Hampshire Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 1962 Temporal_Keyword: 62 Access_Constraints: Acknowledgement of GRANIT is requested in products derived from these data. Use_Constraints: Not for legal use Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Contact_Person: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Position: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire City: Durham State_or_Province: NH Postal_Code: 03824 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-862-1792 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 603-862-0188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: granit@unh.edu Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM-5PM, EST Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: gif image file Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Set_Credit: GRANIT database Native_Data_Set_Environment: IMAGINE format DATA_QUALITY_INFORMATION Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: During scanning, the paper positive image brightness and contrast values were collected with a minimum of image quality manipulation. However the scanning process may have changed some of the source brightness values. Once the photograph was in digital format, limited brightness and contrast manipulation was performed to improve image quality. Image brightness and contrast values may also deviate from the brightness values of the original imagery due to image value interpolation during the rectification processes. Radiometry of the rectified imagery was verified by visual inspection of the digital orthophoto with the original unrectified image. Slight systematic radiometric differences can be detected between adjacent orthophoto files due primarily to differences in source photography capture dates and sun angles of aerial photography along flight lines. These differences can be observed in an image's general lightness or darkness when compared to adjacent orthophoto file coverages. Logical_Consistency_Report: The orthophoto was visually inspected for completeness. Completeness_Report: The orthophoto is cloud free within the image area. There are some small areas where it appears that smoke, perhaps from the burning of refuse, partially obscures the ground and appears as grayish white colors in the image. It should also be noted that some of the source photography was written on and these "mark ups" exist in the final product as well. Source photograph may be leaf-on or leaf-off in deciduous vegetation regions, depending on the acquisition date of the original image. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of each orthophoto block, expressed as an estimated root mean square error (RMSE), was < 1. Additionally, visual inspection of the orthophoto was performed to compare the planimetric (X and Y) coordinates of selected points with the coordinates of the same points as determined from the reference orthophotos. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Aero Service Corporation Publication_Date: 1962 Title: 62photo(roll#)-(photo#) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Philadelphia, PA Publisher: Aero Service Corporation Online_Linkage: N/A Source_Scale_Denominator: 18000 Type_of_Source_Media: Paper positives Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19621116 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PHOTO1 Source_Contribution: Panchromatic NAPP or NAPP-like photographs were the primary data source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Publication_Date: 19990301 Title: Digital Elevation Model Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Durham, New Hampshire Publisher: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Online_Linkage: URL: Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19790701 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM2 Source_Contribution: Provided the basic vertical control necessary to perform the orthorectification. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Digital Orthophoto Quarterquads (98doq(tile#)) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: US Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital File Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19980428 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DOQ3 Source_Contribution: Provided horizontal control used to establish positions for reference and correlation purposes. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Complex Systems Research Center Publication_Date: 200401 Title: 1974 Digital Orthophotos (74ortho(roll#)-(photo#)) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Durham, NH Publisher: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Source_Scale_Denominator: 20000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740320 Ending_Date: 19741024 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ORTHO4 Source_Contribution: Provided horizontal control used to establish positions for reference and correlation purposes. Process_Step: Process_Description: The source photo (PHOTO1) was converted to a digital raster image file (*.tif format) by scanning the paper positive with a Microtek Scanmaker 9800XL. A scanning resolution of 600 dpi was used in the process, which converted the photographic image densities to gray scale values ranging from 0 to 255 (for black and white photographs). The resulting raster image file was degraded to 400 dpi using Adobe Photoshop to reduce file size. Autoleveling of the image was performed to standardize gray scale values as much as possible across all images in the series, and to improve general image quality. Imagine (v8.6) ORTHOBASE was then used to generate an orthophoto from the scanned images. (To achieve consistency in the process, multiple images were processed simultaneously.) In addition to the images, the following inputs were required: a user parameter file (or "block" file) to control the rectification process, a digital elevation model (DEM2) gridded to user specified bounds (with associated projection, zone, datum and X-Y units), scanned digital image reference files (DOQ3 and ORTHO4) covering the project area (also with associated projection, zone, datum and X-Y units), ground X-Y-Z point values and their conjugate photo coordinates in the camera coordinate system, calculated tie point values and their conjugate photo coordinates in the camera coordinate system, and measurements of the fiducial marks in the digitized images. Typically, a camera calibration report provides data on the focal length of the camera and the distances in millimeters from the camera's optical center to the camera's 4 fiducial marks. These marks define the frame of reference for spatial measurements made from the photograph. Because this report was unavailable, the focal length was estimated based on the type of camera commonly used during the early 1960's, and the fiducials were estimated using measurements obtained in Photoshop. Ground control points (GCP's) were acquired by comparing positions visible in both the reference files (DOQ3 and/or ORTHO4) and the scanned digital image files. The 1998 DOQs (DOQ3) were used where it was possible, and generally in the more populated areas of the county. In more rural areas, it was difficult to find common points in the 1998 images, so the 1974 image files (ORTHO4) were utilized. The standard number of GCP's per image was between 10 and 25, and placement was distributed throughout the scanned digital image files. GCP's were measured from the reference files in NH State Plane feet, NAD83. The conjugate positions of the GCP's on the scanned images were measured and recorded in camera coordinates. In addition to collecting horizontal control (X-Y values) from the reference files (DOQ3 and/or ORTHO4), DEM2 was used to collect a corresponding Z value for each GCP. This Z-value aided in minimizing distortion caused by topographic variation across the images. Tie point values were generated by the software based on feature commonality in the overlap/sidelap areas between multiple images. These points provided additional control during the orthorectification process. Based on the GCP's and tie points, RMSE's measuring the approximate "fit" of the image transformation were calculated and reviewed. Points associated with values in excess of 1 were relocated or rejected. With the final set of horizontal and vertical control values, each image was orthorectified. Quality control was conducted by comparing each newly rectified image to adjacent newly rectified images to ensure proper overlay of common features. The digital reference file (DOQ3 and/or ORTHO4) was also overlaid on the newly rectified images to ensure proper transfer of coordinates. Once each image passed quality control, the edges were clipped to extract just the core area of the image. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: PHOTO1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DOQ3 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ORTHO4 Process_Date: 200309 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Organization: Complex Systems Research Center Contact_Person: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Position: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire City: Durham State_or_Province: NH Postal_Code: 03824 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-862-1792 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 603-862-0188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: granit@unh.edu Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM-5PM, EST SPATIAL_DATA_ORGANIZATION_INFORMATION Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 3969 Column_Count: 4372 Vertical_Count: 1 SPATIAL_REFERENCE_INFORMATION Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983 State_Plane_Coordinate_System: SPCS_Zone_Identifier: New Hampshire Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999967 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -71.66666 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 42.500000 False_Easting: 984250.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: survey feet Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 ENTITY_AND_ATTRIBUTE_INFORMATION Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: For orthophotos from panchromatic sources, each pixel contains an 8-bit gray-scale value between 0-255. A value of 0 represents the color black while a value of 255 represents the color white. All values between 0 and 255 are represented as a shade of gray varying from black to white. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None DISTRIBUTION_INFORMATION Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Complex Systems Research Center Contact_Person: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Position: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire City: Durham State_or_Province: NH Postal_Code: 03824 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-862-1792 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 603-862-0188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: granit@unh.edu Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM-5PM. EST Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Digital data in NH GRANIT represent the efforts of the contributing agencies to record information from the cited source materials. Complex Systems Research Center, under contract to the NH Office of State Planning, and in consultation with cooperating agencies, maintains a continuing program to identify and correct errors in these data. OSP, CSRC, and the cooperating agencies make no claim as to the validity or reliability or to any implied uses of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF (.tif) Transfer_Size: 17 Mb (approximate) Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: URL:http://www.granit.sr.unh.edu Fees: No charge when downloaded from the Internet. Cost of reproduction for provision on CD/ROM, DVD, or other media. Ordering_Instructions: Email GRANIT (granit@unh.edu) or order from web site (www.granit.sr.unh.edu). Turnaround: Two weeks. Technical_Prerequisites: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20031024 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire Contact_Person: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Position: GRANIT Database Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire City: Durham State_or_Province: NH Postal_Code: 03824 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-862-1792 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 603-862-0188 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: granit@unh.edu Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM-5PM, EST Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time